西北五省地区民居被动式建筑设计策略模拟

(长安大学 建筑学院,陕西 西安 710061)

西北五省地区; 气候数据; 乡村民居; 被动式策略; 软件模拟

Simulation of design strategy about passive dwellings in five Northwestern provinces
DING Yu-tao,XIA Bo,HAN Jing,ZHAO Jing-yuan

(college of Architecture,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710061,China)

five Northwestern provinces; climate data; rural residence; passive strategy; software simulation

备注

在城镇及乡村建筑设计之初,气候经验与现代化样式自然成为民居建筑设计的基本依据与遵循标准,西北五省地区也不例外。调研结果显示,在西北五省地区新建与改建的乡村民居住宅中,室内居住热环境与建筑节能效果并不明显,不太符合环保节能与绿色发展的要求。因此,如何在保证经济性与热舒适性的同时,最大限度地降低建筑能耗,便成了乡村民居被动式设计策略选择上的一大问题。文中结合当地气候数据,利用Climate Consultant气候分析软件对焓湿图、当地温度与太阳辐射量进行分析对比,得出适用于当地建筑的被动式设计策略,并通过Design Builder对其进行模拟验证。结果 表明,合理设置建筑窗墙比与阳光间、外围护结构传热系数参数以及增设南侧窗户遮阳,可有效降低乡村民居建筑能耗。同时针对不同被动式建筑设计策略与组合式被动式设计策略对降低建筑能耗效果的对比,为当地在改建或新建民居选择设计方案时提供参考与借鉴。

At the beginning of urban and rural architectural design,climate experience and modern style naturally became the gist and standard of residential architectural design,and five Northwestern provinces are no exception.The results show that in the new and rebuilt rural residential buildings in the five provinces of Northwest China,the effect of indoor thermal environment and building energy saving is not obvious,which is not in line with the new concept of environmental protection,energy saving and green development.Therefore,it is a major problem in the passive design strategy to ensure the economy and thermal comfort and minimize energy consumption in building.Based on the local climate data,this paper analyzes the enthalpy and humidity diagram,local temperature and solar radiation by using climate consultant climate analysis software,and obtains the passive design strategy suitable for local buildings,which is simulated and verified by Design Builder.The results show that the energy consumption of rural residential buildings can be effectively reduced by reasonably setting the heat transfer coefficient parameters of area ratio of window to wall,sunshine room and heat transfer coefficient of external building envelope,and setting sunshade at south side windows.At the same time,according to the comparison of different passive building design strategies and combined passive design strategies to reduce building energy consumption,the reference about passive design scheme can be provided for local rural residential to build or rebuild.