地铁站施工险兆事件实时监测预警系统

(1.西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054; 2.中铁十六局集团有限公司,北京 100018)

地铁站; 现场测试; 险兆事件; 监测预警系统

Real-time monitoring and early warning system for near-miss incidents of subway station construction
ZHENG Xue-zhao1,WANG Xi-long1,LIU Hui-lin2,SUN Zhen-guo2,GUO Jun1

(1.College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China; 2.China Railway 16th Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100018,China)

subway station; field testing; near-miss incidents; monitoring and early warning system

DOI: 10.13800/j.cnki.xakjdxxb.2019.0405

备注

为了有效预防地铁站施工事故的发生,以地铁站施工中的险兆事件为研究对象,建立了行为安全“2-4”模型的预警行为模型,分析了地铁站安全施工对险兆事件实时监测预警系统的要求,总结了无线Mesh网络的特点、基本结构以及网络拓扑结构,对比了测距定位方法的优缺点,阐明了无线脉冲定位原理。基于无线Mesh/有线光纤网络设计了一种地铁站施工险兆事件实时监测预警系统,该系统可加强施工现场与外界的通信沟通,提高险兆事件实时监控的能力、人与物的定位精度,可为地铁站安全生产调度、安全避险、应急救援提供指导。结果 表明:系统可及时发现险兆事件,有效防止地铁施工事故的发生; 隧道施工人员、管理人员以及车辆的定位误差在30 cm以内,系统根据险兆事件位置,通过通信系统让附近人员迅速采取预警行为,防止地铁施工事故的发生; 在未发现险兆事件或预警行为失效时,系统可缩短应急疏散时间,在同等条件下有广播通信比无广播通信的疏散时间缩小2~3倍。

In order to prevent the occurrence of subway station construction accidents,the near-miss incidents in the construction of subway stations are taken as the research object.The early-warning behavior model of behavioral safety “2-4” model is established,and the real-time monitoring and early warning system for the danger station events of the subway station project is expounded.The requirements,the characteristics of the wireless Mesh network,the basic structure and the network topology are summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of the ranging positioning method are compared.The principle of wireless pulse positioning is studied.Based on wireless Mesh/wired fiber network,a real-time monitoring and early warning system for near-miss incidents of subway station construction danger events was designed.This system strengthens the communication between the construction site and the outside world,improves the real-time monitoring ability of near-miss incidents,and the positioning accuracy of people and objects.Guidance for safe production scheduling,safe haven,and emergency rescue of subway stations is provided.The application results show that:System can detect the near-miss incidents in time to prevent subway construction accidents; The positioning error of tunnel construction personnel,management personnel and vehicles is less than 30 cm.The system quickly helps nearby personnel go through communication system according to the location of the near-miss incidents and adopt early warning behavior to prevent the occurrence of subway construction accidents.The system can shorten the emergency evacuation time when no near-miss incidents or early warning behaviors are found to be invalid.Under the same conditions,the broadcast communication has a 2~3 times less evacuation time than the non-broadcast communication.